Civil and Building Engineering.

1 Cone Penetrometer and Piezometer-Cone Penetrometer: Several types of cone penetrometers are in use, including the mechanical cone, mechanical-friction cone, electric cone, electric-friction cone, and piezometer cone...

2 Vane Shear Device: Field vane testing consists of inserting vanes at the ends of rods into soft, saturated soils at the bottom of a borehole and rotating the rods to find the torsion that causes the surface enclosing the vane to be sheared...

3 Pressuremeter: The pressuremeter test consists of placing an inflatable cylindrical probe into a predrilled hole and expanding the probe in increments of volume or pressure...