Civil and Building Engineering.

The information presented here provides only a brief treatment of some aspects of geology that affect the techniques of subsurface investigation and the design of some foundations. The following sections are intended principally to promote the investment in an adequate effort to develop knowledge about the geology of a site prior to planning the subsurface studies and the subsequent design of the foundations.

1 Nature of Transported Soil: Transported by Water Almost any flowing water will transport particles
of soil...

2 Weathering and Residual Soil: Residual soils are derived from the in-place weathering of rocks and are found on every continent, including the subcontinents of Australia and Greenland (Sowers, 1963)...

3 Nature of Soil Affected by Volcanic Processes: Much of the soil and rock thrown out and up by ancient volcanoes has been weathered and causes the normal problems in determining properties for design and construction of foundations...

4 Nature of Glaciated Soil: Glaciers transport rock and other materials that are embedded in the ice or
are picked up from the surfaces of rock as the glacier moves...

5 Karst Geology: The processes of solution of limestone and dolomite result in openings and cavities, some of which are extensive and important...